ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy of Chinese medicine combined with indirect moxibustion plaster on corona virus disease 2019 （COVID-19） patients during recovery period. MethodNinety patients of COVID-19 during the recovery period were randomly divided into a Chinese medicine group， an indirect moxibustion plaster group， and a combination group，with 30 cases in each group. According to the 10th edition of COVID-19 Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol，patients in the Chinese medicine group received oral Chinese medicine based on syndrome differentiation，one dose per day， twice a day. Patients in the indirect moxibustion plaster group were treated with indirect moxibustion plaster at Zusanli （ST 36）， Pishu （BL 20）， Dazhui （GV 14）， Feishu （BL 13）， Kongzui （LU 6）， and Tiantu （CV 22），once a day，40 min each time. Patients in the combination group were treated with Chinese medicine combined with indirect moxibustion plaster. Treatment lasted two weeks. Before and after treatment，the traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） symptom score，pulmonary computed tomography （CT） score，St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire （SGRQ） score，blood routine indexes ［white blood cell count （WBC），neutrophil count （NEUT），and lymphocyte count （LYM）］， and inflammatory indexes ［C-reactive protein （CRP），serum ferritin， and interleukin-6 （IL-6）］ were observed in the three groups. The clinical efficacy was evaluated. ResultAfter treatment，the scores of TCM symptoms，pulmonary CT， and SGRQ，CRP，IL-6，and ferritin in the three groups decreased（P<0.05），while WBC and LYM increased（P<0.05）， but there was no significant difference in NEUT. The above indexes in the combination group were better than those in the other two groups（P<0.05）. After treatment， the cured and markedly effective rate was 76.7% （23/30） in the combination group， 50.0% （15/30） in the Chinese medicine group， and 46.7% （14/30） in the indirect moxibustion plaster group. The cured and markedly effective rate of the combination group was significantly higher than that of the Chinese medicine group （χ2=4.593， P<0.05） and the indirect moxibustion plaster group （χ2=5.711， P<0.05）. The total effective rate was 96.7 % （29/30） in the combination group， 93.3% （28/30） in the Chinese medicine group， and 86.7% （26/30） in the indirect moxibustion plaster group. The total effective rate of the combination group was higher than that of the Chinese medicine group and the indirect moxibustion plaster group， but the differences were not statistically significant. ConclusionChinese medicine combined with indirect moxibustion plaster can effectively improve the clinical symptoms，promote pulmonary inflammation，blood routine indexes， and inflammatory indexes， and improve the quality of life of COVID-19 patients during the recovery period，which is more advantageous than Chinese medicine alone or indirect moxibustion plaster.
ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze the effect of endovascular therapy (including balloon dilation, debulking and anti-restenosis technique) for below-the-ankle atherosclerotic lesions in chronic limb threatening ischemic patients.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 465 patients (570 limbs) with below-the-ankle atherosclerosis who were consecutively admitted to Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University from April 2018 to December 2021. All patients received balloon dilatation below the ankle artery as basic treatment, including 67 patients in debulking subgroup, 82 patients in anti-restenosis subgroup and 11 patients in the triple therapy subgroup. The reocclusion rate, target lesion reintervention rate at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after surgery were compared; The wound healing rate at 3 months, limb salvage rate at 6 and 12 months and mortality at 12 months in the Global Limb Anatomic Staging System (GLASS) grading groups P0, P1 and P2 were compared.Results:The technical success rate of this group was 76.0%(433 limbs/570 limbs). The follow-up rates of 6 and 12 months after operation were 85.4%(370 limbs/433 limbs) and 75.3%(326 limbs/433 limbs), respectively. The length of treated lesions was (3.6±1.3)cm; The reocclusion rates were 5.5%(23 limbs/420 limbs), 8.2%(33 limbs/403 limbs), 14.9%(55 limbs/370 limbs) and 23.6%(77 limbs/326 limbs) at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after operation; The reintervention rate of target lesions in 6, 12 months was 7.6%(28 limbs/370 limbs) and 12.0%(39 limbs/326 limbs) respectively; The wound healing rate in groups P0, P1 and P2 within 3 months was 87.3%(192 limbs), 70.5%(62 limbs) and 10.5%(2 limbs) respectively ( P<0.001), the limb salvage rate in 6 months was 96.2%(200 limbs), 84.7%(127 limbs) and 33.3%(4 limbs) respectively ( P<0.001), and the limb salvage rate in 12 months was 78.7%(170 limbs), 54.5%(55 limbs) and 22.2%(2 limbs) respectively ( P<0.001). The mortality was 6.9%(32/465) 12 months after operation. Conclusions:Endovascular therapy below-the-ankle is feasible and has high technical success rate. The constitute integrity of pedal-plantar loop in limb- threatening phase is related to 3-month wound healing rate and limb salvage rate.
ABSTRACT
Objective:Chemiluminescence immunoassay was used to detect the levels of anticardiolipin antibody (aCL) -IgA/IgG/IgM and anti-β2-glycoprotein Ⅰ antibody (aβ2GPⅠ) -IgA/IgG/IgM in healthy non-pregnant and pregnant women to explore the changes of antiphospholipid antibody in different pregnancy periods.Methods:This prospective study was conducted in Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, involving normal pregnant women who underwent prenatal examination and healthy non-pregnant women with no history of adverse pregnancy who underwent progestational eugenic health examination from April 2020 to August 2021. The levels of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM were detected using BIO-FLASH chemiluminescence immunoassay analyzer and P95 as well as P99 were calculated, respectively. The difference in the six data between non-pregnant and pregnant women was compared using Mann-Whitney U test. Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to compare the change of each antibody in different pregnancy periods and Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between different trimester and the levels of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM. Results:A total of 454 cases met the inclusion criteria, and 435 cases were included in the analysis after excluding 19 cases, among them 110 were non-pregnant women and 325 were pregnant women, including 110 cases in the first trimester (≤13 +6 weeks), 110 cases in the second trimester(14 +0-27 +6 weeks), and 105 cases in the third trimester (≥28 weeks). P99 value of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM in the non-pregnant women were 7.31, 14.70, 7.92, 3.58, 13.60, and 4.95 CU, which in the pregnant women were 5.90, 12.78, 5.70, 1.60, 10.65, and 3.90 CU, and were all lower than the cut-off value of 20 CU that given by the analyzer manufacturer. The levels of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM, and aβ2GPⅠ-IgG/IgM in the pregnant women were significantly decreased comparing with the non-pregnant women [aCL-IgA: 1.90 CU (1.40-2.70 CU) vs 2.90 CU (2.20-3.83 CU), Z=－7.14; aCL-IgG: 3.00 CU (2.20-4.50 CU) vs 6.10 CU (4.20-7.83 CU), Z=－10.26; aCL-IgM: 1.40 CU (1.10-2.30 CU) vs 2.65 CU (2.08-3.73 CU), Z=－8.87; aβ2GPⅠ-IgG: 3.50 CU (2.60-4.90 CU) vs 4.75 CU (3.60-5.93 CU), Z=－5.45; aβ2GPⅠ-IgM: 0.70 CU (0.50-1.20 CU) vs 1.00 CU (0.60-1.53 CU) , Z=－3.73; all P<0.001]. The aCL-IgA level in the third trimester was higher than those in the first and second trimester (both P<0.05). The levels of aCL-IgG/IgM in the second trimester and aβ2GPⅠ- IgG in the second and third trimesters were significantly decreased than those in the first trimester (all P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that aCL-IgG/IgM, aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgM had no significant correlation with the pregnancy period (the first, second and the third trimester) (all P>0.05). However, a weak correlation between the aCL-IgA, aβ2GPⅠ- IgG and the pregnancy period was observed ( r=0.28 and－0.49, both P<0.001) Conclusions:P99 value of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM levels in normal pregnant women and non-pregnant women are lower than the cut-off value of 20 CU given by the analyzer manufacturer. The levels of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgG/IgM during pregnancy are lower than those before pregnancy and fluctuate with the pregnancy period, but have no significant correlation with the pregnancy period. The clinical diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome should be made according to the cut-off values of aCL-IgA/IgG/IgM and aβ2GPⅠ-IgA/IgG/IgM determined by each laboratory.
ABSTRACT
Objective To understand the clinical characteristics, susceptibility factors, and the composition and distribution of pathogenic fungi in Shiyan area. Methods From January 2018 to December 2018, at the outpatient department of Taihe Hospital, a total of 498 patients with superficial mycosis were confirmed by clinical features and microbial identification. Clinical data was collected and statistical analysis of these patients was carried out. Results Among 498 patients, the top three diseases were 123 cases of tinea corporis (24.70%), 110 cases of onychomycosis (22.09%), and 54 cases of body ringworm (10.84%). The top three pathogenic fungi were Trichophyton rubrum (232 strains, 46.59%), Trichophyton interdigitale (71 strains, 14.26%) and Candida albicans (41 strains, 8.23%). There were some differences in the incidence of patients of different genders, ages, and jobs. Conclusion Tinea cruris was the main superficial mycosis in Shiyan area and Trichophyton rubrum was the main pathogen of superficial mycosis. The epidemic trend is similar to that in most regions of the country, but it has its own characteristics.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Identification of modifiable dietary factors, which are involved in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), could inform strategies to prevent GDM. @*Methods@#We examined the dietary patterns in a Chinese population and evaluated their relationship with GDM risk using a case-control study including 1,464 cases and 8,092 control subjects. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the imbalance of covariates between cases and controls. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis while their associations with GDM risk were evaluated using logistic regression models. @*Results@#A “vegetable” dietary pattern was characterized as the consumption of green leafy vegetables (Chinese little greens and bean seedling), other vegetables (cabbages, carrots, tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes, mushrooms, peppers, bamboo shoots, agarics, and garlic), and bean products (soybean milk, tofu, kidney beans, and cowpea). For every quartile increase in the vegetables factor score during 1 year prior to conception, the first trimester, and the second trimester of pregnancy, the GDM risk lowered by 6% (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 0.99), 7% (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.99), and 9% (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.96). @*Conclusion@#In conclusion, our study suggests that the vegetable dietary pattern is associated with lower GDM risk; however, the interpretation of the result should with caution due to the limitations in our study, and additional studies are necessary to explore the underlying mechanism of this relationship.
ABSTRACT
Suspension bed are often used to treat and nurse the wounds of burn patients in clinic. Because of the suspension force, the patients′ activities are limited, and they stay in bed for a long time, which is very easy to cause foot drop, affecting the recovery of the patients. Aiming at this problem, we designed and made a foot drop prevention baffle made of stainless steel, which could withstand the buoyancy of the suspension bed, adjust the feet forwardly and backwardly, to the left and right according to the height of the patients and the distance of the feet to be separated, and keep the foot in a positive and external rotation position according to the comfort of the patients, which achieved good results in clinical application.
ABSTRACT
Children are a high-risk group of burn, and burn pain is a special type of pain. Because children of different ages have different cognitive ability and behavioral response to pain, thus it is particularly difficult to effectively evaluate the pain. It is very important for medical staff to understand the pain of children, to define the adverse reactions of pain, to evaluate and take appropriate pain intervention measures in time and effectively. In this paper, different evaluation methods of burn pain in children and non-drug intervention related measures were reviewed in order to provide references for clinical practice.
ABSTRACT
Background@#Identification of modifiable dietary factors, which are involved in the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), could inform strategies to prevent GDM. @*Methods@#We examined the dietary patterns in a Chinese population and evaluated their relationship with GDM risk using a case-control study including 1,464 cases and 8,092 control subjects. Propensity score matching was used to reduce the imbalance of covariates between cases and controls. Dietary patterns were identified using factor analysis while their associations with GDM risk were evaluated using logistic regression models. @*Results@#A “vegetable” dietary pattern was characterized as the consumption of green leafy vegetables (Chinese little greens and bean seedling), other vegetables (cabbages, carrots, tomatoes, eggplants, potatoes, mushrooms, peppers, bamboo shoots, agarics, and garlic), and bean products (soybean milk, tofu, kidney beans, and cowpea). For every quartile increase in the vegetables factor score during 1 year prior to conception, the first trimester, and the second trimester of pregnancy, the GDM risk lowered by 6% (odds ratio [OR], 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.89 to 0.99), 7% (OR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.88 to 0.99), and 9% (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.86 to 0.96). @*Conclusion@#In conclusion, our study suggests that the vegetable dietary pattern is associated with lower GDM risk; however, the interpretation of the result should with caution due to the limitations in our study, and additional studies are necessary to explore the underlying mechanism of this relationship.
ABSTRACT
Children with burns often have uncooperative behaviors such as crying and struggling when changing dressing because of pain and fear, which affects dressing change of medical staff and increases the psychological burden of the family members of children and dressing change personnel. In order to solve the above problems, the author′s team designs and makes the mobile soothing screen for pediatric dressing change. Dressing change personnel are isolated from the children′s sight through the screen′s shielding function, and the children′s favorite program showed on the tablet computer attracts the children′s attention. The wound dressing change is completed by using the disposal window on the screen, which has good clinical application effects.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the relations between dietary intake during pregnancy and the incidence of their babies with small for gestational age (SGA).@*Methods@#Data on demographics, dietary intake of protein, fat, and carbohydrates of the pregnant mothers during the first, second and third trimester, were collected. Information related to birth weight and gestational age of the infants were also gathered. A total of 8 102 women, who delivered their babies at the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from March 2012 to September 2016, were enrolled in this project. Among them, 961 mothers had infants with SGA but the other 7 141 of them having normal infants. Unconditional logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of dietary nutrient intake on SGA the first, second and third trimester.@*Results@#We found that low dietary intake of protein during the first trimester and following trimesters during pregnancy were positively associated with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.534, 95%CI: 1.217-1.934; OR=1.268, 95%CI: 1.005-1.599; OR=1.310, 95%CI: 1.036-1.655). When adjusting for maternal pre-pregnancy BMI, we found that when mothers were with a pre-pregnancy BMI less than 18.5 or with low maternal intake of protein during the first trimester, positive association with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.872, 95%CI: 1.033-3.395; OR=1.754, 95%CI: 1.125-2.734), was noticed. However, for mothers with a pre-pregnancy BMI between 18.5 and 24.0 or with low protein intake during the first trimester, significant association with higher risk of SGA (OR=1.465, 95%CI: 1.089-1.972) was found.@*Conclusions@#Through our observation, maternal dietary intake during pregnancy seemed to be associated with the risk of SGA but the effects of dietary intake were different, according to the BMI of pre-pregnancy population. Early pregnancy appeares as the key period for dietary intake which may influence the SGA.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To explore the effect of lipopolysaccharide intervention program on Legionella pneumonia.@*Methods@#C3H/HeN mice (6-8 weeks old) were used as experimental animals. The mice were randomly divided into lipopolysaccharide intervention, non-lipopolysaccharide intervention and control groups. Each group was again divided into three time points: 12 h, 24 h and 48 h. Mice in the lipopolysaccharide intervention group were intraperitoneally injected with E. coli lipopolysaccharide (100 ng per mice), and the rest groups were intraperitoneally injected with normal saline. After 24 hours, mice in the lipopolysaccharide intervention and the non-intervention groups mice were infected with Legionella by tracheal injection and the control group was given the same amount of saline. All the mice were killed at 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively. The mice were anatomized, lungs of the mice were separated and weighed. Organ coefficients (lung weight/body weight of mice) were calculated. 1 ml Orbital blood was collected. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) levels of peripheral blood mononuclear cells were measured by flow cytometry. The contents of TNF-α and IL-1β in the upper left lung lobe were measured by ELISA.@*Results@#In the lung organs, the coefficients of lipopolysaccharide non-intervention group were higher than the other groups and there was no significant difference seen between the lipopolysaccharide intervention group and the controls. TLR4 peaked at 12 hours in both the lipopolysaccharide intervention and the non-intervention groups while the TLR4 level in the intervention group was higher than that in the non-intervention group. There were no significant differences appeared on the TLR4 expression levels between the two Legionella pneumonia modelled groups at 24 or 48 hours. There was no significant difference seen regarding the concentration of TNF-α and IL-1β between the intervention and the control groups. The secretion levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in the non-intervention group were higher than those in the intervention group at each time point.@*Conclusion@#The lipopolysaccharide intervention program may alleviate the inflammatory symptoms of Legionella infection.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the microhardness distribution of cancellous bone in the proximal tibia and its clinical significance.@*Methods@#Three fresh tibias were obtained and examined by X-ray and CT to exclude skeletal pathologies, such as osteoporosis, osteoarthritis. According to the Heim's square, the proximal tibias were cut off. Each of the proximal tibias was divided into three parts, the medial condyle, the intercondylar area and the lateral condyle. Each part was divided into three sections, proximal, middle and distal sections. Each of the proximal tibias was divided into 9 regions. Bone specimens with a thickness of 3 mm were taken from each region using a high precision low-speed saw and fixed on flat sheets. The microhardness of the bone tissue was measured using a Vickers microhardness tester after polish. Ten effective micro-indentation tests were conducted in each region. After measurement the diagonal length of the indentations, the microhardness values were calculated via software provided by the hardness tester. Analysis of variance and Tukey method were used to compare the microhardness values of different parts, sections and regions of cancellous bone. The microhardness distribution of the proximal tibia was analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 270 effective indentations were made in the specimens, and the microhardness values were obtained. The average microhardness of the three proximal tibias was 40.98±3.44, 34.92±4.64 and 39.49±3.86 HV, respectively. There was a significant difference among the groups (F=55.87, P=0.000). The microhardness distribution of bone tissue in the three proximal tibias was similar. In the comparison of different parts, the microhardness of medial condyle was greater than that of the lateral condyle, which was larger than that of the intercondylar area. The difference between the parts was statistically significant (F=18.42, 8.236, 10.877; P=0.000, 0.001, 0.000). In the comparison of different sections, the microhardness of the distal section was greater than that of the proximal section, which was larger than that of the middle section. The difference between the sections was statistically significant (F=8.720, 17.140, 6.142; P=0.000, 0.000, 0.003). The microhardness distribution was similar among different regions. The region with the highest microhardness is the medial condyle of the distal section with microhardness of 44.87±3.25 HV (range 39.2-49.7 HV). The lowest microhardness was in the intercondylar area of the middle section with hardness of 29.41±4.53 HV (range 24.8-36.2 HV).@*Conclusion@#The microhardness value of cancellous bone near the articular surface at the proximal tibia was smaller, which could disperse the load and protect the fragile of articular cartilage. Furthermore, the microhardness of the transition zone is larger. The microhardness value of the cancellous bone in medial tibia condyle is the greatest, which is related to load-bearing.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the distribution characteristics and significance of bone hardness in different segments and layers of clavicle.@*Methods@#The right clavicles of three fresh Chinese corpses were taken and then divided into proximal, middle and distal segments according to Allman's classification. The clavicles were cut with diamond saw in the vertical of long axis equidistant exactly into 15 layers (proximal: 3 layers; midshaft: 7 layers; distal: 5 layers), and each layer was divided into four directions: superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior. The bone hardness were measured by Vickers microindentation, HV(kgf/mm2). The distribution of bone hardness was recorded and analyzed.@*Results@#A total of 180 parts of cortical bone were measured, generating 900 measurements. Meanwhile, a total of 45 parts of cancellous bone were measured, generating 225 measurements. We found that: (1)The average hardness of cortical bone was (35.9±8.1)HV, and the midshaft segment [(41.3±6.8)HV] was harder than the proximal segment [(33.8±6.1)HV] and the distal segment [(29.7±5.4)HV](P<0.05); (2)The average hardness of cancellous bone was (30.7±6.2)HV, and there were significant differences among the midshaft segment [(34.5±5.5)HV], the proximal segment [(29.2±2.9)HV] and the distal segment [(26.3±5.1)HV](P<0.05); (3)for cortical bone, the hardest segment was the fifth layer of the midshaft segment [(44.8±8.6)HV] while the most soft segment was the fourth layer of the distal segment [(28.0±3.5)HV](P<0.05); (4)for cancellous bone, the hardest segment was the fifth layer of the midshaft segmnet [(36.8±5.1)HV] while the most soft was the fifth layer of the distal segment [(23.0±4.4)HV](P<0.05); (5)There were no statistically significant differences among four directions of segments(P>0.05).@*Conclusion@#The microindentation hardness varies greatly among different segments and layers of the clavicles. The cortical bone and cancellous bone have consistent hardness changes, which shows that the middle segment is obviously harder than the proximal and distal segments with a gradually gradient decreasing trend from the middle to both ends. The data can be used to guide the design of 3D printing implants that conform to the stress conduction characteristics of the clavicle under physiological conditions, and provide good data support for the modeling and finite element analysis of the clavicle under simulated physiological conditions.
ABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the experience and early results of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) therapy for varicose veins.Methods In this study 380 extremities of 356 patients undergoing RFA therapy with RFA catheter for varicose veins from Nov 2015 to Sep 2017 in Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.Each patient was scheduled to follow up at 1,6 and 12 months respectively.Results Technical success were achieved in all cases.Obliteration rate was 99.0％ in 1 month,97.9％ in 6 months and 97.1％ in 12 months after the RFA therapy.Conclusions RFA therapy for varicose veins is safe and effective and achieves good early result.Intraoperative ultrasound examination and endovascular technique is important for a successful RFA procedure.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics and significance of bone hardness in different segments and layers of clavicle. Methods The right clavicles of three fresh Chinese corpses were taken and then divided into proximal, middle and distal segments according to Allman's classification. The clavicles were cut with diamond saw in the vertical of long axis equidistant exactly into 15 layers ( proximal:3 layers; midshaft:7 layers; distal:5 layers ) , and each layer was divided into four directions:superior, inferior, anterior, and posterior. The bone hardness were measured by Vickers microindentation, HV ( kgf/mm2 ) . The distribution of bone hardness was recorded and analyzed. Results A total of 180 parts of cortical bone were measured, generating 900 measurements. Meanwhile, a total of 45 parts of cancellous bone were measured, generating 225 measurements. We found that:(1)The average hardness of cortical bone was (35.9 ±8.1)HV, and the midshaft segment[(41.3 ±6.8)HV] was harder than the proximal segment [(33.8 ±6.1)HV] and the distal segment [(29.7±5.4)HV](P<0.05);(2)Theaveragehardnessofcancellousbonewas(30.7±6.2)HV, and there were significant differences among the midshaft segment [(34. 5 ± 5. 5)HV], the proximal segment [(29.2±2.9)HV] and the distal segment [(26.3 ±5.1)HV](P<0.05);(3)for cortical bone, the hardest segment was the fifth layer of the midshaft segment [(44. 8 ± 8. 6)HV] while the most soft segment was the fourth layer of the distal segment [(28. 0 ± 3. 5)HV](P<0. 05);(4)for cancellous bone, the hardest segment was the fifth layer of the midshaft segmnet [(36. 8 ± 5. 1)HV] while the most soft was the fifth layer of the distal segment [(23. 0 ± 4. 4) HV] (P<0. 05);(5) There were no statistically significant differences among four directions of segments(P >0. 05). Conclusion The microindentation hardness varies greatly among different segments and layers of the clavicles. The cortical bone and cancellous bone have consistent hardness changes, which shows that the middle segment is obviously harder than the proximal and distal segments with a gradually gradient decreasing trend from the middle to both ends. The data can be used to guide the design of 3D printing implants that conform to the stress conduction characteristics of the clavicle under physiological conditions, and provide good data support for the modeling and finite element analysis of the clavicle under simulated physiological conditions.
ABSTRACT
Objective To study the micro-hardness distribution of ulna and explore its correlation with surgical procedures of ulnar fractures,internal fixator,total elbow arthroplasty and the epidemiology of ulna fracture.Methods The ulna wasdivided into proximal metaphysis,diaphysis,and distal metaphysis.The proximal metaphysis was divided into the olecranon and the metaphysis olecranon of ulna.Thedistal epiphysis included the head of ulna.The shaft of the ulna was divided equally into nine segments.Each ulna was sawed by a band saw into twelve parts,which were prepared for the micro-indention testing.The micro-indention testing samples precision cuts were conductedwith a Buehler Isomet 11-1280-250 low speed diamond saw.Each micro-indention sample was cut 3mm thickness and fixed on glass sheet with epoxy resin.The samples surface was polished with progressive grades of sandpaper.Micro-indentation was pedormed on each bone sample sudace using a vicker micro-hardness tester,and the hardness value were measured as Hardness value (HV,HV=kgf/mm2).Twenty indentions were randomly selected on each sample,which were equally divided into four quadrants (anterior,medial,posterior and lateral).Hence,a total of 720 micro-indentations were pedormed on the three ulna.Before indention,each sample was controlled under the optical microscope where the bone surface was intact and not damaged.The micro-indentations were performed on each sample with a load of 50 g.The indentation time was set to 12 s.Hardness value (HV/0.05) was computed for each indentation.The lengths of the diagonals were measured under reflected light microscopy,and the Vickers hardness value was calculated.Indentations in which one diagonal was 10％ longer or more than the other were ignored.The indention was repeated.These preliminary data were used to determine the appropriate sample size of micro =indentation to be performed on each bone segment.SPSS 19.0 statistical software was used for statisticalanalysis.The one =way ANOVA analysis was used to compare the difference of bone micro-hardness values in different parts,and P ＜ 0.05 was statistically significant.Results The hardest part of the ulna is the lower ulnaand the value of micro-hardness was 47.77 HV.The least hard part was the head of ulna and the value of micro-hardness was 29.64 HV.The proximal metaphysis hardness value was 34.39 HV.The shaft hardness value was 43.47 HV.Thedistal metaphysis hardness value was 29.64 HV.The hardness was higher in diaphysis than metaphysis in the ulna with statistical significance.There was no statistically significant difference in the hardness of ulna anterior,medial,posterior and lateral quadrant.Conclusion It is demonstrated that the micro-hardnessof ulna shaft is significant higher than other two parts of ulna.The micro-hardness value difference was not significant among the anterior,medial,posterior and lateral quadrant.This study revealed the distribution rule of ulna micro-hardness and provided data support for the total elbow arthroplasty with human physiological characteristics through 3D printing.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the influence of dietary cholesterol intake on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM),at one year prior to and first and second trimesters of pregnancy.Methods Between March 2012 and September 2016,the pregnant women from the First Affiliated Hospital of Shanxi Medical University were asked to fill in a set of questionnaires,by which information on general demographic characteristics,diagnosis of GDM and dietary cholesterol intake was collected.Unconditional logistic regression method was used to analyze the influence of dietary cholesterol intake on GDM,at one year prior to and first and second trimesters of pregnancy.The association on dietary cholesterol intake and GDM between age groups was also analyzed.Results Data on 9 005 subjects,including 1 388 pregnant women with GDM,was collected.When the amount of cholesterol intake was stratified into quartile,results from the unconditional logistic regression showed that dietary cholesterol intake appeared ≥76.50 mg/d,both in the periods of one year prior to and the second trimester of pregnancy.This amount of dietary cholesterol intake would increase the risk of GDM (one year prior to pregnant:OR=1.230,95％CI:1.018-1.485;second trimester:OR=1.228,95％C1:1.014-1.486).Women who took ≥76.50 mg/d of daily cholesterol during the period of one year prior to,or 46.75-76.50 mg/d during the second trimester of pregnancy,the risks of GDM (OR=4.644,95％CI:1.106-19.499) would increase.Women with daily cholesterol intake over 76.50 mg/d during the period of one year prior to or at the second trimester of pregnancy,there appeared a risk on GDM (OR=1.217,95％ CI:1.012-1.463).When maternal age was divided in two different subgroups and the cholesterol intake level was ≥76.50 mg/d both in the period of one year prior to pregnancy or at the second trimester,the risk of GDM appeared in the subgroup of ＜35 years old (OR=1.336,95％CI:1.083-1.647;OR=1.341,95％CI:1.087-1.654).However,no significant association was found in the maternal age group of ≥35 years old.Conclusion High level of dietary cholesterol intake would increase the risk of GDM,both in the period of one year prior to and at the second trimester of pregnancy.
ABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and the causes of two outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infection in our city.@*Methods@#The epidemiological investigation was carried out on the outbreaks and the pharyngeal swabs were collected to do the pathophysiologic examination by using real-time PCR. Hexon gene of adenovirus was amplified by PCR. Then the positive products were sequenced and BLAST searching was done in GenBank.@*Results@#The clinical symptoms of the two cases were high fever, sore throat and cough, etc, while the main signs were pharyngeal congestion and tonsil swelling; 32 students of a class in Yunxing primary school had respiratory infection related symptoms, of which the incidence rate was 55%; while 12 of 38 students in a class of Fangcun primary school were infected. All these students were on school in the same class, and the incidence was aggregate without proliferation. The duration of the disease was about 5 days and the prognosis was good, no death occurred. The positive result of real-time PCR showed adenovirus. BLAST search analysis on hexon gene showed AdV14.@*Conclusions@#According to epidemiological investigation and laboratory test results, the cause of these two outbreaks of upper respiratory tract infection was adenovirus type 14.
ABSTRACT
Objective To deveplope construct and validate a novel multiplex PCR system comprised of 30 Y-STR markers only with low and moderate mutation rates. Methods 30 Y-STRs characterized by low/moderate mutation rate and middle/high polymorphic was amplified simultaneously in a multiplex PCR system using the six color labeling fluorescence. PCR product was analyzed in a ABI 3500XL Genetic Analyzer. The accuracy, specifity, sensitivity and stability of the system and its validation on the mixtures were evaluated. Results The validation studies demonstrated that the system is a stable, accurate, and sensitive multiplex PCR system. The sensitivity was 0.0625ng DNA. Y-STR could be detection in a male/female DNA mixture ratio of 1:4. Conclusion The primary study demonstrates that this multiplex PCR system is effective and reliable for forensic routine DNA analysis. It will be very helpful for constructing Chinese forensic Y-STR database and population genetic research.
ABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of continuous regional arterial infusion (CRAI) in patients with severe acute pancreatitis (SAP).Methods One hundred SAP patients (including 41 gallstone,26 alcoholism,13 hypertriglyceridemia,11 after heavy meals,and 9 unknown) who were admitted into our hospital from January 2013 to October 2017 were assigned to the CRAI group (n =58) and the control group (n =42).The levels of laboratory measurements,hospitalization time and costs,complications and outcomes were compared between the two groups.Results On the sixth and tenth day of treatment,the levels of white blood cell,hemodiastase,urine amylase,blood glucose,blood calcium and APACHE-Ⅱ score improved in both the 2 groups.The degrees of improvement in the CRAI group were better than that in the control group.The abdominal pain relief time [(3.3± 1.2)d vs.(5.9±2.3)d],hemodiastase recovery time [(7.9±1.8)d vs.(13.3±2.5)d],and hospitalization stay [(21.3±3.6)d vs.(32.4±4.3)d] were shorter in the CRAI group.The costs were similar in the two groups.Retroperitoneal infection,pancreatic pseudocyst,and pancreatic drainage were less in the CRAI group.The improved and cure rates were 94.8％ and 70.7％ in the CRAI group,which were higher than those in the control group (71.4％ and 47.6％,respectively).Moreover,the ineffective treatment and mortality rates were 5.2％ and 1.7％ in the CRAI group,which were lower than those in the control group (28.6％ and 14.3％,respectively).Conclusions CRAI was an efficacious and safe treatment for patients with SAP.It can be used as an alternative to other effective treatments.